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background: injury risk assessments for evaluating competition readiness could be improved by incorporating dual task testing, including decision-making and/or divided attention components, to more closely mirror a competition-like environment. purpose/hypothesis: the purpose was to identify the most disruptive (or biomechanically demanding) cognitive load to add to a series of change-of-direction

background: quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qmri), such as t1ρ and t2 mapping, allows for the characterization of the biochemical composition of cartilage and the detection of early degeneration within 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aclr). it remains unclear if early imaging biomarkers are associated with the long-term development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (ptoa)

background: improvements in patient-reported outcome measure (prom) scores have been widely documented after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (pclr). establishing clinically significant outcome (cso) benchmarks for proms can enhance their clinical applicability. purpose: to establish the minimal clinically important difference (mcid), substantial clinical benefit (scb), and patient acceptable

background: extracellular vesicles (evs) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adscs) play an important role in tendon healing and regeneration. however, the role of evs in regulating tendon fibrosis during autophagy has not previously been reported. purpose: to investigate the effect of evs from adscs (adsc-evs) on the autophagy-mediated regulation of tendon fibrosis. study design: controlled

background: anterior cruciate ligament (acl) tears often coincide with variable extents of cartilage lesions, which typically worsen clinical symptoms and increase osteoarthritis risk. alterations in the metabolic profile may be informative for the response of the acl-injured knee to cartilage lesions. purpose: to determine the effect of the severity of cartilage lesions on synovial fluid metabolism

background: national football league (nfl) athletes face a substantial risk for anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injuries, particularly during special team plays. acl injuries commonly occur during change-of-direction (cod) scenarios. player tracking is standardized for all nfl games and can be used to quantify player motion intensity during cod injury scenarios. purpose: the purpose was to identify

background: osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum can occur in adolescent baseball players owing to repetitive compressive shear forces within the radiocapitellar joint. purpose: to quantify the relationship between valgus angle and radiocapitellar joint contact with varying size and location of osteochondral defects and to compare these effects with a native and strained medial ulnar

background: both autologous osteochondral transplantation (aoct) and autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (aopt) are available for large cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (olts). however, there is a lack of valid prospective evidence directly comparing the efficacy between aopt and aoct. purpose/hypothesis: the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of aopt versus

background: a high and flat acromion seems to be a risk factor for posterior shoulder instability. biomechanically, the surgical correction of acromial malalignment can restore glenohumeral joint stability. purpose/hypothesis: the purpose was to assess (1) the stabilizing effect of a posterior acromial bone graft (pabg) in moderate and severe acromial malalignment (high and flat) and (2) contact patterns

background: surgical limb underloading is a common biomechanical adaptation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aclr) and has been linked to early degenerative changes in knee cartilage, which are considered precursors to posttraumatic osteoarthritis. split-belt treadmill training is an emerging rehabilitation approach that modifies load through asymmetric gait behavior, in which one limb

contact events in rugby codes such as tackling, running into contact, scrums, rucks, and contact with the playing surface may expose athletes to muscle damage known as impact-induced muscle damage. these repetitive impacts to muscle tissue have the potential to diminish muscle force production and delay recovery following contact-focused training and match-play. repetitive exposure to contacts may

exercise-based injury prevention programmes (eipps) need a certain period of consistent practice to achieve the expected efficacy. therefore, as with many other biomedical interventions, eipps can be characterised by a dose-response relationship. in this current opinion, we aim to present the concept of the dose-response relationship and explore the research and clinical implications stemming from

background: lateral epicondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting 1% to 3% of adults annually. concerns over the sustained efficacy of corticosteroids have increased interest in regenerative treatments like platelet-rich plasma (prp), prolotherapy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (eswt), but comparative data remain limited. purpose: to evaluate whether prp, prolotherapy, and eswt provide

background: posttraumatic osteoarthritis (ptoa) often follows anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aclr), especially when combined with meniscal surgery (aclr m). the mechanisms underlying development of ptoa remain unclear, including the early mechanical and compositional changes after surgery that potentially lead to irreversible cartilage degeneration. purpose: to investigate the early effects

background: despite advancements in surgical techniques, the recurrence rate of anterior cruciate ligament (acl) rupture after reconstruction remains between 2% and 20%. an increased posterior tibial slope (pts) is associated with higher acl rupture and reconstruction failure rates. hypothesis: anterior closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (acw-hto) combined with acl reconstruction will result in a

background: treatment decisions in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injuries are influenced by multiple factors, such as the desire to return to sports or symptomatic instability. identifying the differential treatment effect of acl reconstruction (aclr) compared with nonoperative management on a patient-specific level can inform surgical decision-making. hypothesis: unsupervised machine

background: tibiofemoral rotation is often increased in patients with recurrent patellar dislocations (rpds), and excessive tibiofemoral rotation may contribute to a higher failure rate of medial patellofemoral ligament (mpfl) reconstruction. however, there is currently limited research on the optimal treatment strategy for rpds with excessive tibiofemoral rotation. purpose: to report the clinical

background: proximal hamstring avulsion injury (phai) repairs are increasing with the growing frequency of this pathology. that is why rerupture is increasingly encountered with rare studies reporting this outcome. purpose: to compare the functional outcomes of revision versus primary phai surgery as measured by the parisian hamstring avulsion score (phas) and to compare other outcomes scores, return-to-sport

background: surgeons treating skeletally immature patients use skeletal age to determine appropriate surgical strategies. traditional bone age estimation methods utilizing hand radiographs are time-consuming. purpose: to develop highly accurate/reliable deep learning (dl) models for determination of accurate skeletal age from hand radiographs. study design: cohort study. methods: the authors utilized

background: the revision rate due to postoperative instability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aclr) remains at 4% to 25%. the physiological mechanisms of tendon-bone healing involve intricate processes, particularly neovascularization and osseointegration at the bone tunnel interface. currently, no standardized noninvasive method exists to comprehensively evaluate tendon-bone healing

background: anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injuries are prevalent among athletes and the general population, with acl reconstruction (aclr) being the standard treatment. however, effective tendon-bone healing (tbh) remains a challenge. hydroxyapatite (hap), widely used in orthopaedics and dentistry, has yet to be fully explored for its potential to enhance tbh. hypothesis: hap-coated, reinforced

background treating lateral meniscal injuries in elite athletes is challenging because of the high demands on knee function and the need for rapid return to play (rtp). although meniscal repair is often recommended, data are lacking that compare outcomes of partial meniscectomy and repair in elite athletes with isolated lateral meniscal tears. purpose to evaluate subsequent surgery after the treatment

background: despite studies on syndesmotic and deltoid ligament (dl) repair, the biomechanical role of (partial or full) ligament repair and bracing in unstable ankles to regain rotational stability remains unclear. purpose: to determine the ability of surgical intervention on syndesmosis and sls with suture repair and ligament bracing to restore intact external rotation ankle stability. study design:

background: the syndesmotic and deltoid ligament (dl) complex contributes to ankle stability. however, the biomechanical role of (partial or complete) ligamentous injuries on external rotation instability remains unclear. purpose: to determine the contribution of syndesmosis and dl injuries to external rotation instability compared with the intact ankle. study design: controlled laboratory study. methods:

background: hip instability is a common driver of pain and dysfunction in those undergoing hip arthroscopy. while an axial traction examination is thought to correlate well with overall joint stability, the relationship between patient-reported outcomes (pros) and intraoperative distractibility has not been quantified. hypothesis/purpose: the purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship

this study critically examines boys’ experiences in primary school dance, drawing on a child-centred qualitative case study conducted across two uk primary schools. responding to calls for more inclusive and equitable physical education (pe) practices, the research foregrounds pupil voice through an expanded ‘write, draw, show, tell’ (wdst) method, enhanced by the innovative inclusion of emojis, creating

in england, increasing numbers of pupils are being identified with a severe learning difficulty (sld). however, limited research has been undertaken to examine these pupils’ perspectives of education broadly and, more specifically, within the context of special school physical education (pe). while current international policy recognises the right of pupils to have a say in matters that affect them

background post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis affects an estimated one in two people within a decade of traumatic knee injury. while altered biomechanics in older adults are associated with the onset and progression of insidious-onset knee osteoarthritis, the relationship between biomechanics and post-traumatic osteoarthritis is less clear. objective we aimed to evaluate associations between knee

objectives the aim of this study was to describe the incidence and magnitude of head acceleration events (haes) during elite men's and women's rugby union training for different contact training levels and drill types. method data were collected during the 2022-23 and 2023-24 seasons from 203 men and 125 women from 13 clubs using instrumented mouthguards (imgs) during in-season training. one author

scientific reasoning in sports and exercise science utilizes inductive and deductive approaches. models play a major role in both approaches for hypothesis formulation, testing, and refinement. this current opinion proposes guidelines to enhance model evaluation and application. we discuss the complementary nature of inductive and deductive reasoning in model creation and refinement, emphasizing how

background modern sensor technology allows for objective tracking of resistance training exercises, yet the accuracy with which these technological approaches can classify which exercise is being completed is mixed. with commercially available technology commonly claiming the ability to characterise resistance training variables (e.g. exercise type and volume), synthesis of the current evidence base

background numerous physiological factors can contribute to endurance performance. among them, active muscle mass engaged in an exercise task has been postulated to alter fatigue. objective this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of active muscle mass on endurance performance and neuromuscular fatigue. methods pubmed, embase, sport discus, web of science, and psycinfo

bone stress injury (bsi) occurrence is common in athletic populations, resulting in high periods of time loss from sports participation. minimising incidence and reducing severity presents a challenge for the prevention and clinical management of bone stress injuries (bsis) for sports practitioners. an understanding of the aetiology and mechanisms for bsis in athletic populations can assist with the

background high-performance sport programs aim to effectively identify talented athletes with the greatest potential for achieving podium success at benchmark events such as the world championships or olympic games. however, not every talented athlete will go on to achieve success at the highest level, and the characteristics used to identify athletes are not well understood. objective the aim

background erythrocytes are traditionally considered passive oxygen carriers, yet their energetic and redox metabolism plays a critical role in regulating oxygen kinetics. objective this study integrates experimental and computational data to provide a comprehensive analysis of erythrocyte metabolism in response to exercise-induced oxidative stress. methods the study consisted of three phases: