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immobilization of heavy metal co2 constitutes a critical challenge in treating cobalt-containing industrial waste to mitigate its environmental toxicity. this study investigates the effects of co2 incorporation on the mechanical properties and leaching toxicity of basic magnesium sulfate cement (bmsc). the immobilization mechanisms were systematically explored through microstructural characterization

to promote the high-temperature application of alkali activated fly ash geopolymer (aafa), a "lattice activation" method was employed to prepare aafa. the microstructure and morphology of the supernatant and precipitation during the lattice activation process were systematically analyzed. in addition, the nanostructure, chemical composition and pore structure evolution of aafa slurry exposure to different

accurately assessing weaving area capacity is critical for optimizing traffic management. however, transportation agencies face a persistent challenge: existing capacity models often inadequately characterize vehicle weaving behaviors and fail to quantify the interactions between influencing factors. this limitation hinders the development of precise traffic control strategies in weaving areas. addressing

railway alignment design in earthquake‐prone regions faces many challenges, among which an active fault zone threat is a dominant factor. however, slight attention has been devoted in this field to the complex fault zone risks affecting alignment optimization (ao). to this end, the first‐known ao model that estimates active fault zone risks is proposed according to the distributionally robust optimization

designed to address computationally expensive scientific problems, physics‐informed neural networks (pinns) have primarily focused on solving issues involving relatively simple geometric shapes. drawing inspiration from exact dirichlet boundary pinn and neural representation field, this study first develops a multi‐resolution hash encoding solver (mhs) as another pure physics‐driven alternative. compared

critical equipment in nuclear power plant auxiliary buildings such as control cabinets, panels, transformers, and diesel generators often malfunction before structural damage occurs, demanding rapid post‐earthquake inspection prioritization. however, direct walkdown inspection or dense sensor networks are impractical due to restricted accessibility in radiological zones and the high costs associated

most post‐disaster damage classifiers perform best when destructive forces leave clear spectral or structural signatures. however, these signatures are often subtle or absent after inundation, where damage may be nonstructural and difficult to detect. consequently, existing models perform poorly at identifying flood‐related building damage. the model presented in this study, flood‐damagesense, addresses

design principles are widely used in the design field, yet some remain visionary rather than grounded in real-world applications. assessing their effectiveness is therefore essential before implementation. this study focuses on a set of visionary design principles intended to promote the flexible use of railway station areas: (1) ensuring event visibility by aligning paths and spaces; (2) incorporating

work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries in the construction industry. ergonomic assessment methods can effectively prevent these disorders. vision-based ergonomic risk assessment methods are widely applied in construction sites due to their cost-effectiveness and non-invasiveness. however, existing vision-based methods often face challenges in accurately estimating

nail-laminated timber (nlt) has significant advantages such as convenient fabrication and reduced cost without the utilization of adhesives compared to the traditional glued-laminated timber, thus nlt is increasingly favored in current engineering applications. to motivate the utilization of nlt materials, a concrete topping can be sheathed on the nlt to fabricate nlt-concrete composite (nltcc) floors

chloride removal is crucial to prevent chloride erosion of cement-based materials. ultrasonic treatment is an attractive method to remove chloride due to its "nondestructive characteristic" and the generation of "cavitation and mechanical energy". to systematically evaluate the effect of ultrasonic assisting, chloride removal from cement paste particles and mortar specimens, chloride permeability and

this study proposes a novel mesoscale modeling approach, the mapping interpolation method, to address the thermal damage in concrete subjected to high temperatures. based on the thermo-mechanical coupled phase-field model, the performance of the mapping interpolation method was analyzed using a heating example of a 2d mesoscale concrete slab. the results indicate that the mapping interpolation method

precast concrete structures are popular worldwide, contributing to low carbon emissions, controllable product quality, and rapid construction speed. the cast-in-situ joint and precast corbel joint are the two main connection types for precast frames representing wet and dry constructions, respectively. however, past studies highlighted that precast frame structures are vulnerable to progressive collapse

contemporary tunnel construction increasingly confronts complex and extreme conditions, leading to a continuous rise in the probability of abnormal wear in tunnel boring machine (tbm) cutters. field practice indicates that once a cutter undergoes abnormal wear, it tends to exacerbate the risk of failure in adjacent cutters and even the entire cutterhead system. however, the influence mechanisms and

this study employs the diameter change ratio (dcr) as a seismic damage indicator, which is easier to extract and more intuitive in engineering practice compared to previous damage indicators related to mechanical properties. subsequently, damage states of shield tunnels are classified based on the dcr indicator, followed by corresponding fragility analysis. taking the shield tunnels in shenyang, beijing

as vital components of modern transportation systems, road tunnels remain understudied in terms of their operational carbon footprint within the infrastructure sustainability discourse. based on life cycle assessment (lca) theory and a bottom-up carbon calculation method, this paper develops a spatio-temporal sequence distribution model for carbon emissions from tunnel operation and calculates the

as the infrastructure sector advances towards net-zero emissions, reducing embodied carbon in underground construction is essential, particularly for tunnel boring machine (tbm) tunnelling. this paper introduces tunco2, a digitalised framework that advances the practical integration of lifecycle carbon assessment with geotechnical design optimisation for tbm tunnelling. the framework extends prior

polyurethane grouting serves as an important solution for both anti-seepage and reinforcement in underground construction projects. a comprehensive understanding of the propagation characteristics of polyurethane grout is essential for effective grouting design, particularly in the presence of flowing water and connected fracture systems. this study aims to investigate the propagation behaviors and

construction quality is of upmost importance for delivering well-performed civil structures. inspection offers a critical means to ensure construction quality. however, its effective implementation relies on an excess of domain knowledge that usually takes years to accumulate, making inspection expensive and challenging to conduct. this paper introduces a construction quality inspection knowledge base

the escalating frequency of safety incidents on construction sites requires an effective safety management framework. traditional computer vision systems are constrained by their static nature, limited generalization, and inadequate semantic comprehension. this paper integrates a multi-modal visual language model (vlm) with our proposed bi-stage retrieval-augmented generation (birag) framework, which

the resource utilization of waste is an effective way to reduce environmental hazards and greenhouse gas emissions. the experiment provides a strategy for the combined utilization of waste materials. in this experiment, porous ceramics based composite phase change material are prepared using industrial solid waste as a raw material and waste polyurethane foam as a porous template. to enhance the phase

for türkiye and other earthquake-prone countries, facing the challenge of downcycling and the accumulation of massive quantities of mixed construction and demolition waste (cdw), the rapid upcycling of cdw is essential for the very sake of affected communities. this is particularly important for nations that are major cement manufacturers and seek to transition to alternative and greener binders, as

the study explores the effect of varying carbonation cycles on the mechanical properties and microstructural transformation of magnesium slag (ms) specimens, utilizing a co2 concentration of 15 %. this is then compared to a single cycle of carbonation conducted at a co2 concentration of 100 %. the findings indicate that after undergoing four cycles of carbonation at a co2 concentration of 15 %, the

this study introduced a new binder system that includes gypsum, clinker, and blast furnace slag (bfs) within an alkali-activated system to reduce carbon dioxide (co2) emissions in cement production. the key innovation lies in separately using clinker and gypsum, eliminating the grinding process and combining them with alkali-activated bfs at varying replacement ratios. in this context, ten ambient

the extensive utilization of natural aggregates in concrete production exerts considerable pressure on ecological environments and poses significant challenges to natural resource conservation, thereby severely limiting the sustainable development of the concrete industry. substituting natural aggregates with industrial by-products offers notable environmental, resource, and economic advantages. in

alkali-activated concrete (aac) is recognized as a novel, sustainable construction material with the potential to replace portland cement concrete, offering superior thermal and mechanical performance. this paper investigates the key parameters influencing the properties of alkali-activated slag concrete (aasc) and explores both its potential and limitations for wider application. due to distinct damage

to mitigate the high carbon emissions associated with conventional portland cement production, alkali-activated cementitious materials (aacms) have emerged as a promising sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. chloride-induced steel corrosion represents a critical durability challenge hindering the practical application of aacms. this study investigates the influence of key mixture parameters—water-to-binder

the seismic design and retrofitting of new and existing structures often assumes that each structure is isolated from its surroundings. however, significant interaction with nearby structures and the broader built environment can occur. in dense urban areas, it is crucial to carefully consider these phenomena, when analysing seismic conditions. in particular, the seismic effects of interaction between

under the effect of the unstable water pressure and unreasonable nozzle arrangement, water spray did not well control coal dust of high-gas fully mechanized excavation face. in this paper, a novel ultrasonic air–water nozzle was investigated and developed based on the self-constructed system, while the enclosed air–water spray being also constructed to cover the cutting dust sources. the results showed

in recent years, the use of dual-layer lining structures have become increasingly common in large-diameter shield tunnels crossing rivers and seas. to investigate the transverse and longitudinal mechanical behavior of deep-buried large-diameter dual-layer lining tunnels under real fire scenarios, this study simulates a realistic tunnel train fire and establishes detailed three-ring and multi-ring structural

smoke front propagation is uncertain in real tunnel fires, and it has a significant impact on evacuation and rescue. although deterministic model combined with data assimilation (da) can forecast key parameters of the smoke front in ultra-short-term (guo et al., 2023a; he et al., 2024), its forecasting performance could be degraded in real scenarios possessing the disturbances from natural or fan-induced

this paper investigates the coupling effects between the renovation of the shanghai stadium, characterized by an “unloading-reloading” process, and the simultaneous adjacent foundation pit excavation, with a focus on their impact on the excavation support structures and the surrounding environment. a series of scaled model tests were conducted, considering one scenario without adjacent building renovation

high-strength engineered geopolymer composites (hs-egc) have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative to traditional high-strength engineered cementitious composites (hs-ecc) for sustainable infrastructure. for the first time, this review systematically summarizes the recent advances in hs-egc, with a particular focus on successful cases achieving compressive strength over 80 mpa. key parameters

underwater concreting remains one of the most challenging construction activities, which has resulted in the development of complex material formulations to minimize washout. the automation and customization offered by 3d concrete printing (3dcp) presents a promising pathway for advancing underwater construction but adds additionally complexity to material formulations. in this study, we highlight

monitoring damper response during earthquakes holds significant engineering and scientific value. however, existing methods for measuring damper force and displacement are costly and limited by power supply constraints, making them unsuitable for earthquake conditions. this paper proposes an intelligent measurement method that combines passive displacement sensing with damper force inversion to achieve

fall-from-height (ffh) accidents remain a leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry. to systematically extract and analyze risk factors from unstructured ffh accident reports, this paper employed large language models (llms) to enable zero-shot automated fall-from-height knowledge graph (ffhkg) construction. by clustering ffhkg entities to merge semantically similar factors, a weighted

socket connections have been widely used as one of the most effective connection methods for precast columns and adjacent members. to expand the application of socket connections, a novel concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (cfst) column-cap beam socket joints with ultra high-performance concrete (uhpc) grouting is proposed in this study. quasi-static tests are performed on concrete-encased

the conventional production of portland cement is associated with high energy consumption and substantial co2 emissions. the utilization of solid waste for the preparation of cementitious materials has emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of civil engineering. the fabrication and systematic characterization of full – solid - waste cementitious material (fswcm) using desulfurization gypsum

adding different recycled aggregates in concrete may lead to variations in structural properties, making it essential to consider their durability for practical applications, especially in the complex service environment. this study evaluates the degradation behavior of recycled mixed brick/stone aggregate concrete (m-rac) and recycled stone aggregate concrete (s-rac) under sulfate corrosion-dry-wet

to tackle the extreme environmental challenges and sustainable extraterrestrial construction material supply issues for lunar base development, this study fabricated a magnesium phosphate cement-based lunar soil concrete (l-mpc-lsc) following in-situ resource utilization (isru) principles and integrated it with 3d printing construction technology. this paper investigates the effects of lunar soil (ls)

advanced coating technologies enhance the durability of building materials, reducing maintenance frequency and carbon emissions. this study develops a novel inorganic coating that can enhance the longevity of concrete structures through the reaction of the carbonatable binder (γ-c2s) with co2. results show that adding 12 % styrene-acrylic copolymer latex (sa) into the coating mix optimizes the particle

this study systematically elucidates the multiscale synergistic mechanisms of co2 carbonation and steel fiber reinforcement in recycled cementitious composites (rccs). accelerated carbonation facilitates caco3 precipitation and densification within the interfacial transition zone (itz), thereby enhancing the microstructural integrity of the composites. the incorporation of micro-steel fibers further

predicting the failure behavior of concrete under high-impact loads is a key topic in civil engineering. existing methods are often limited to forward prediction (from load to failure) and typically predict a single parameter, neglecting the critical need for reverse, multi-parameter prediction. to address these gaps, this study develops a novel deep learning model, the ranp (residual attention network

groundwater of the tunnel face can be a precursor to water surges in tunnels, and can soften the rock mass and thus affect its strength and stability. location and temperature characteristics of groundwater are difficult to be accurately quantified under the dim and dusty tunnel environmental conditions. this paper takes infrared images as data foundation, proposes a characterization method of groundwater

this paper develops a vulnerability framework of shield tunnel lining under adjacent excavation disturbances in soft soils. it provides multiple indexes for excavation disturbances, specifically emphasizing the tunnel horizontal displacement as a measure of their performance when confronted with nearby foundation excavations. understanding such vulnerability is essential for evaluating infrastructure

buried pipeline structures extending linearly within tunnels that cross fault fracture zones are highly susceptible to significant damage under strong seismic activity, rendering their seismic performance a matter of critical concern. a large-scale shaking table test was conducted based on a pipeline-tunnel project crossing a fault fracture zone. under horizontal shear seismic excitation, the seismic

ring 1945 in the north tube of koralm tunnel construction lot kat3, situated in the south of austria, is equipped with 38 vibrating wire strain sensors. they are mounted on the inner and outer circumferential wire mesh of the precast concrete segments making up the tunnel ring, two each along one shell generator line. corresponding uniaxial strain histories enter viscoelasticity theory, so as to deliver

in blended cement systems, the principal hydration product is calcium (alumino) silicate hydrate (c-(a-)s-h). the investigation into how aluminum incorporation affects its mechanical properties is essential for optimizing the formulation and properties of cementitious materials. this study employs high-pressure x-ray diffraction to explore the intrinsic mechanical properties of nanocrystalline single-chain

although fire effluents have a more severe combined impact, studies typically assess them individually using deterministic models, ignoring irritant gases. this study develops two probabilistic fire incapacitation models integrating the impact of heat, asphyxiant gases, and irritant gases. it incorporates fire dynamics simulation, the fractional effective dose, and the fractional irritant concentration

with the rapid advancement of global infrastructure construction, the issues of high carbon emissions and brittleness in conventional concrete materials have become increasingly prominent, necessitating the development of new construction materials that combine high toughness, low carbon emissions, and environmental sustainability. this study aims to develop a low-carbon engineered cementitious composite

this study introduces a novel 3d fiber reinforced polymer (frp) system, conceived for additive manufacturing (am), to function as integrated reinforcement and stay-in-place formwork. to overcome current am scale limitations, a manual fabrication process mimicking am pathways was developed, enabling the creation of larger-scale, complex frp geometries. a dedicated three-point bending test methodology

this study investigated the enhancement effects of hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete (hsc) and the flexural toughness of beams. twenty-one mix proportion designs were prepared, encompassing plain hsc, single-doped wave-shaped steel fiber (wsf)-reinforced hsc, and hybrid fiber (wsf-coarse polypropylene fiber (cpp)/polyvinyl alcohol fiber (pva)/polypropylene fiber (pp)/basalt

the massive production of cement and concrete is projected to grow significantly, with cement alone accounting for 7 %–8 % of global co2 emissions. reducing the environmental impact of the cement industry is critical, and low-carbon cement blends incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (scms) valorized from industrial wastes are a promising near-term solution. precast concrete block waste

as underground engineering construction shifts from shallow to deep, rock bursts occur frequently. a large amount of strain energy is stored in deep rock masses, tunnel excavation unloading rapidly releases the strain energy, driving the dynamic fracture of rock masses. meanwhile, structural planes also have a significant impact on the failure of rock masses. to clarify the disaster mechanism of rock

based on three-dimensional strength criteria (generalized zhang-zhu and smooth generalized zhang-zhu criteria), the distribution characteristics for stresses and plastic regions of rock surrounding tunnels with arbitrary shapes considering the out-of-plane stress (σz) and anisotropic seepage are investigated under non-hydrostatic stress field. taking into consideration of three cases when σz is the

the rapid urbanization changes the underlying surface in urban areas, and consequently modifies the local thermal environment, impacting the health and comfort of residents. due to the pronounced spatial heterogeneity of surface temperature, both ground-based observations and satellite remote sensing cannot well capture the spatial details of microscale thermal environment. unmanned aerial vehicle